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Raw milk is milk that has not been pasteurized or homogenized. While proponents have stated that there are benefits to consuming raw milk, the medical community has warned of the dangers of consuming unpasteurized milk. Availability and regulation of raw milk vary from region to region. ==History of raw milk and pasteurization== Cattle have been domesticated since about 10,500 years ago.〔 Op. cit. in 〕 Europeans first started consuming milk from cattle around 7,500 years ago.〔()〕 The Pasteurization process was developed in 1864. Pasteurization was first used in the United States in the 1890s after the discovery of germ theory to control the hazards of highly contagious bacterial diseases including ''E. coli'', bovine tuberculosis and brucellosis that was thought to be easily transmitted to humans through the drinking of raw milk.〔''An Impossible Undertaking: The Eradication of Bovine Tuberculosis in the United States'', Alan L. Olmstead and Paul W. Rhode, The Journal of Economic History (2004), 64 : 734-772 Cambridge University Press, Copyright © 2004 The Economic History Association, 〕 Initially after the scientific discovery of bacteria, no product testing was available to determine if a farmer's milk was safe or infected, so all milk was treated as potentially contagious. After the first test was developed, some farmers actively worked to prevent their infected animals from being killed and removed from food production, or would falsify the test results so that their animals would appear to be free of infection.〔''Not on My Farm!: Resistance to Bovine Tuberculosis Eradication in the United States'', Alan L. Olmstead and Paul W. Rhode, January 2005, The Journal of Economic History (2007), 67 : 768-809 Cambridge University Press, Copyright © 2007 The Economic History Association, 〕 Pasteurization is widely used to prevent infected milk from entering the food supply. The recognition of many potentially deadly pathogens, such as ''E. coli'' 0157 H7, ''Campylobacter'', ''Listeria'', and ''Salmonella'', and their presence in milk products has led to the continuation of pasteurization. The Department of Health and Human Services, Center for Disease Control and Prevention, and other health agencies of the United States strongly recommend that the public do not consume raw milk or raw milk products.〔(The Dangers of Raw Milk: Unpasteurized Milk Can Pose a Serious Health Risk )〕 Young children, the elderly, people with weakened immune systems, and pregnant women are particularly susceptible to infections originating in raw milk.〔(Raw Milk and Cheeses: Health Risks are Still Black and White )〕 Re-pasteurization occurs when pasteurized milk from the US mainland is transported by sea to Hawaii, and then pasteurized again. Recent advances in the analysis of milk-borne diseases have enabled scientists to track the DNA of the infectious bacteria to the cows on the farms that supplied the raw milk.〔(The Raw-Milk Deal )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「raw milk」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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